Burgas

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Downtown Mendoza.jpg

Bay of Burgas at night

Bay of Burgas

Burgas as seen from NASA's spaceship

Burgas (Template:Lang-bg, sometimes transliterated as Bourgas) is the second-largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast with population 210,260. It is also the fourth-largest by population in the country, after Sofia, Plovdiv and Varna. It is the capital of Burgas Province and an industrial and tourist centre.

Surrounded by the coastal Burgas Lakes and located at the westernmost point of the Black Sea, the large Burgas Bay, Burgas has the largest and most important Bulgarian port. Today, it is a key economic, cultural and tourist centre of southeastern Bulgaria, with the Burgas Airport serving the resorts of the southern Bulgarian coast.

1 History
2 References
3 Institutions of higher education
4 Attractions
5 Notable natives
6 Notable buildings and architectural structures
7 Sister cities
8 Climate table
9 See also
10 External links

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History

Alexander Severus coin celebrating the Flavian colony of Deultum

Burgas is a successor of the Ancient Greek city of Pyrgos (Πύργος) Template:Fact, founded by colonists from Apolonia as a military and observational post against the other important settlement in the region — Mesembria. Besides Pirgos, the present-day city expands over the area of three other ancient settlements: Castrition, Skafida and Rossokastron.Template:Fact

During the rule of the Ancient Romans, Burgas was known as DeultumTemplate:Fact, and was established as a military colony for veterans by Vespasian. In the Middle Ages, a small fortress called Pirgos (Πύργος being Greek for "tower") was erected on the place and was most probably used as a watchtower. It was only in the 17th century that a settlement named Ahelo-Pirgas grew in the modern area of the city. It was later renamed to Bourgas and had only about 3,000 inhabitants, most of them Greeks at the time of the Liberation.

Later, it became a major centre on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and a city of well-developed industry and trade. A number of oil and chemical companies were gradually built. Salt and iron are also mined and traded abroad.

Street scene from the centre of Burgas

Architecture of Burgas

Burgas

City Hall

Bustling street in Burgas, July 2006

Hotel Bulgaria

In the early 1800s Burgas was depopulated after raids by kurzdhali bandits. By the mid 19th century it had recovered its economic prominence through the growth of craftsmanship and the export of grain.<ref>Burgas, Bulgaria (Eyewitness Travel), Jonathan Bousfield and Matt Willis, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London, England, 2008, p. 210.</ref>

In 19th century, with the increasing maritime trade in the Black Sea Burgas became one of the most important port-cities. However, it has lost some of its importance with the shift of the trade between Balkans-Istanbul-Trabzon to Southern port-cities with the construction of Salonica-Istanbul railways. In 1903, the railway station in Burgas opened, giving an additional boost to the city's expansion. Burgas, unlike many other Bulgarian cities, was not much affected by Communist-type urbanization and has kept many of its 19th and early 20th century architecture.

Today the local port is the largest in Bulgaria adding significantly to the regional economy. Burgas also holds annual national exhibitions and international festivals and has a vibrant student population of over 6,000 that add to the city's appeal. The historical society also maintains an open-air museum at Beglik Tash.

Several countries have consulates in Burgas, among them Turkey, Belarus, Romania, Russia and Ukraine.

Burgas Peninsula on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after the city of Burgas. Template:Wide image Template:Wide image

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References

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Institutions of higher education

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Attractions

Burgas Regional Historical Museum
Ethnographic Museum
Museum of Nature and Science
Art Gallery
Opera House
International Folklore Festival

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Notable natives

Apostol Karamitev (1923–1973), actor
Dimitar Dimitrov (b. 1959),football coach
Georgi Chilikov (b. 1978), footballer
Georgi Kostadinov (b. 1950), first Bulgarian boxing Olympic champion
Georgi Kaloyanchev (b. 1925), actor
Georgi Mihalev (b. 1968), competitive swimmer
Kostas Varnalis (1884–1974) Greek poet
Nedyalko Yordanov (b. 1940), writer
Nikola Stanchev (b. 1930), first Bulgarian Olympic champion
Petya Dubarova (1962–1979), poetess
Prodan Gardzhev (1936–2003), Bulgarian Olympic champion - wrestling
Radostin Kishishev (b. 1974), footballer
Zlatko Yankov, (b.1966), famous football player, part of USA summer 1994
Todor Kiselichkov,(b.1975),footballer

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Notable buildings and architectural structures

The Church of Saint Cyril and Methodius in Burgas

The building of the TV Centre Burgas ( РРТС Бургас ) looks like a highrise with 6 floors with a tower looking like "Eiffel Tower with concrete legs" on its roof [1].

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Sister cities

Template:Flagicon San Francisco, California, United States

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Climate table

**Climate table**
	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum temperature (°C)	5.9	8.9	17.8	20.7	25.3	27.4	30.2	30.0	26.4	20.6	11.6	6.1	19.2
Mean minimum night time temperature (°C)	-2.1	0.9	3.3	6.8	10.0	15.9	20.8	21.4	19.4	14.7	8.2	−1.4	9.8
Mean total rainfall (mm)	11	14	32	51	40	44	21	9	8	13	28	31	25.1
Mean number of rain days	10	10	10	11	4	5	2	3	5	3	9	11	6
Source: World Weather Information Service