Malaria
From World travel guide
Malaria is a tropical disease caused by the protozoan Plasmodium, which is transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles. It is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, northern South America, Central America, southern Asia, and islands in and near Indonesia. Symptoms include chills and fever with a period of three to four days, depending on the species. There is no vaccine; prevention includes avoiding mosquito bites and any of several drugs. Which medicine is effective against malaria depends on the species and strain, and varies from country to country. Keep in mind that malaria can occur also weeks to months after contact with an infected mosquito. So in case of (unexplained) fever after travelling in risk areas contact a doctor and tell you`ve been in a risk-area. The diagnosis is by a simple blood test, but the available test for self-examination don`t seem to be very good.
See main article in Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria#Travel_to_malaria-risk_zones
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